Addition − Adds values on either side of the operator.
a + b will give 30
−
Subtraction − Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand.
a - b will give -10
*
Multiplication − Multiplies values on either side of the operator.
a * b will give 200
/
Division − Divides left hand operand by right hand operand.
b / a will give 2
%
Modulus − Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder.
b % a will give 0
**
Exponent − Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators.
a**b will give 10 to the power 20
Comparison Operator
Operator
Description
Example
==
Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.
(a == b) is not true.
!=
Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
(a != b) is true.
>
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(a > b) is not true.
<
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(a < b) is true.
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(a >= b) is not true.
⇐
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(a ⇐ b) is true.
⇐>
Combined comparison operator. Returns 0 if first operand equals second, 1 if first operand is greater than the second and -1 if first operand is less than the second.
(a ⇐> b) returns -1.
===
Used to test equality within a when clause of a case statement.
(1…10) === 5 returns true.
.eql?
True if the receiver and argument have both the same type and equal values.
1 == 1.0 returns true, but 1.eql?(1.0) is false.
equal?
True if the receiver and argument have the same object id.
if aObj is duplicate of bObj then aObj == bObj is true, a.equal?bObj is false but a.equal?aObj is true.
Assignment Operator
Operator
Description
Example
=
Simple assignment operator, assigns values from right side operands to left side operand.
c = a + b will assign the value of a + b into c
+=
Add AND assignment operator, adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
c += a is equivalent to c = c + a
-=
Subtract AND assignment operator, subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a
*=
Multiply AND assignment operator, multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a
/=
Divide AND assignment operator, divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand.
c /= a is equivalent to c = c / a
%=
Modulus AND assignment operator, takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand.
c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a
**=
Exponent AND assignment operator, performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand.
c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a
Bitwise Operator
Operator
Description
Example
&
Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
(a & b) will give 12, which is 0000 1100
|
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
(a | b) will give 61, which is 0011 1101
^
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
(a ^ b) will give 49, which is 0011 0001
~
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of ‘flipping’ bits.
(~a ) will give -61, which is 1100 0011 in 2’s complement form due to a signed binary number.
<<
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
a << 2 will give 240, which is 1111 0000
>>
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
a >> 2 will give 15, which is 0000 1111
Logical Operator
Operator
Description
Example
and
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are true, then the condition becomes true.
(a and b) is true.
or
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non zero, then the condition becomes true.
(a or b) is true.
&&
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non zero, then the condition becomes true.
(a && b) is true.
|
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non zero, then the condition becomes true.
(a | b) is true.
!
Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make false.
!(a && b) is false.
not
Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make false.
not(a && b) is false.
Ternary Operator
Operator
Description
Example
? :
Conditional Expression
If Condition is true ? Then value X : Otherwise value Y
Range Operators
Operator
Description
Example
..
Creates a range from start point to end point inclusive.
1..10 Creates a range from 1 to 10 inclusive.
…
Creates a range from start point to end point exclusive.