Trade is the exchange of goods and services across different groups.

Trade Theory

It is not cost-efficient to be self-sufficient. A man should not be building their own house while sewing their clothes and contemplating physics. Trade incentivizes specialization which:

  • Increases productivity
  • Improves standard of living

Types of Trade

Merchandise Trade (Visible Trade)

These are the physical, tangible goods:

  • Grown goods,
  • Extracted resources
  • Manufactured resources That are sold between countries

Non-merchandise trade (Invisible Trade)

Intangible goods. Includes:

  • Services
  • Tourism
  • Investment
  • Transfers of funds They are far more difficult to document and measure statistically

Balance of Trade