Indirect Reasoning
Employ indirect reasoning A LOT. For example:
- fitting a small sample size into a # of boxes more than the sample size. instead, fit the complement sample size. Like instead of it is
Venn Diagrams/Sets
Include The Universal Set
Highlight Key Details
Data is as much an english course as the other liberal arts. Oftentimes it may include key words like ‘different’. highlight words like these.
Ask yourself: “Am I Making Assumptions?”
Dont be a biased prick. No, I mean it matters a lot, and ask questions to clarify when you are.
Approximate If you round
The minute matter too
Distributions
- EVERY DISTRIBUTION MUST ALL BE DISCRETE
Geometric
- If they dont win, dont include the probability of winning. pg395-6
- Waiting time is number of losses. Do not include the time you win in the loss calculation. Expectation is times it takes to win. Waiting time = expectation - 1
Accuracy != Valid
- Accurate means yes, you calculated it and there is proof
- Valid means it can appropriately represent the situation. objectively
If they don’t tell you its a sample, assume population
- Standard Deviation used for sample and population are different
- If they don’t tell you, just use population deviation
- Think. is this set indicative of a larger population?
Continuous Probability Distributions
- Always check if you can use Normal Distribution with Binomial Theorem by checking np or nq > 5
Exam
The exam will have Stuff from test 1-3 + mean + SD Chapter 4-8
Assume its 95% confidence level if they dont tell you otherwise
Remember:
- In a normal distribution, Mean and Median are equal
- In probability ranges like P(x>60) keep note of if its just regular > or >= !!