Derived from the periodic nature of cos, sin and tan functions
Derivation
Cosine
the cosine function is an even function.
f(x) = f(-x)
Thus,
Sine
the sine function is an odd function.
f(-x) = -f(x)
Thus,
Tangent
Believe it or not, tangent function is also an odd function
f(-x) = -f(x)